Carriages

For many years, trains were primarily made from steel. This material is still the leading choice today for locomotives that pull longer or heavier trains, such as freight trains or commuter trains, though aluminium is often used beside it today.

Both steel and aluminium are lightweight yet strong metals, with high levels of resistance to corrosion. Often used within the automotive industry, these materials are suitable for transportation systems since they balance high tensile strength with being lightweight – important for increasing efficiency and reducing consumption of fuel.

Train carriages must undergo regular maintenance and servicing so they can continue to provide a safe and comfortable environment for passengers, as well as meet the requirements of railway operators.

This not only includes the external and internal cleaning of the carriage, but inspection of the train and its mechanical components to ensure the train is operating correctly. The upkeep of the carriage should occur regularly, for the safety of passengers and operators, and in order to sustain the integrity of the train.

Maintenance also includes inspection of onboard safety equipment, such as fire extinguishers and first aid kits, as well as ensuring all electrical components are safe for use.

Sufficient guidance is provided for the UK regarding the manufacturing of a train carriage. This includes both the safety elements, functionality, and interior design for specific models of trains.

For example, the train carriage and its systems must be safe and intuitive for passengers and crew to use; there are a wide array of safety elements, from protection of crew across repeated use of the train and its systems, to protection of passengers, crew, and train in meeting fire regulations.

Interior design is also outlined; trains should have a modern, high quality, and consistent theme in the materials and finishes they use. Classes of carriages may have differing designs to reflect the class.